Residential ventilation systems provide air movement and circulation for proper home airflow. Here, we look at the importance of proper ventilation systems and strategic placement in your residential construction project.
What is the purpose of ventilation systems?
During residential construction projects, proper ventilation systems are installed to maintain healthy, comfortable living spaces. Ventilation systems also provide air circulation to reduce moisture in areas such as the attic. Moisture control is essential to reduce the risk of structural damage caused by moisture to materials such as wood and insulation.
Why is removing moisture important to ventilation systems?
Removing stale, moist air from spaces such as attics, laundry rooms, and bathrooms is critical in preventing moisture buildup. Moisture damage, particularly to wood, leads to rot. As wood rot sets in, it slowly deteriorates the structural integrity of framing, rafters, trusses, ceiling joists, attic beams, and roof decking.
Mould and mildew are also common results of ongoing moisture exposure. If left unchecked, mould can spread into living spaces, damaging walls and ceilings. As with rot, mould can ruin the integrity of not just wood but also materials such as insulation and drywall.
Why is moisture a risk for mould growth?
Mould spores exist in all indoor spaces. When the environment lacks moisture, they continue to float in the air without posing a threat. However, they are attracted to moist, warm areas and seek damp surfaces where they can settle. Wet surfaces caused by condensation and moisture in areas such as bathrooms or attics are the types of environments where mould thrives. Proper ventilation systems eliminate dampness and moisture.
Why is mould so dangerous?
Mould is especially worrying as it spreads spores throughout the home and across surfaces. When breathed in, these spores are damaging to your health. Spores first cause signs of mild allergies, but as they float in the air, symptoms worsen. Respiratory problems can develop, starting with a chronic cough and progressing to wheezing and shortness of breath. Those with respiratory issues such as asthma are at higher risk of complications. As well, weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to infections related to mould inhalation.
However, mould also digests the materials where it settles. This process further impacts the structural integrity of damp materials.
Is mould toxic?
There are many different types of mould, with most producing allergens that cause allergy symptoms. However, some mould types are toxic mycotoxins, including black mould and aspergillus. When inhaled or touched, these mould spores can cause more severe illnesses ranging from respiratory distress to liver damage and cancer.
What are the different types of ventilation systems?
Ventilation installation relies on using the right ventilation system to improve airflow and air quality throughout the home. The most common types of ventilation systems include:
- Natural ventilation: Natural ventilation includes operational windows and air vents. Vents are commonly used in attics and come in different types, including intake vents installed in the roof and soffit vents installed in the roof eaves. Windows allow homeowners to control air circulation in each room.
- Mechanical ventilation: This category is used for “spot” ventilation in specific areas, including exhaust systems that remove moist air from kitchens and bathrooms. Mechanical ventilation requires power and a cutout to an exterior wall or the roof.
How are proper ventilation systems determined?
The type of ventilation is regulated by local building codes. It is essential to understand what ventilation systems are required and where. Building codes are designed to protect homeowners, ensuring the home is safe. In Ontario, the general rule is that natural ventilation is required in every room via windows. In areas where windows are not possible, such as attics, mechanical ventilation is required.
Moisture issues are also a consideration in building code ventilation requirements. The code applies a specific airflow rate based on cubic feet per minute (CFM). Building code compliance for “spot” ventilation systems includes but is not limited to the following:
- Laundry rooms: A duct connected to a central exhaust fan of 10 cfm, and an exhaust duct independent of other ducts accessible for lint removal.
- Bathrooms: Supplemental bathroom exhaust fans are required with a minimum airflow of 50 cfm.
- Kitchens: Supplemental kitchen exhaust is required at a minimum airflow of 100 cfm.
Why are ventilation systems important for proper insulation?
Well-insulated homes rely on carefully planned ventilation to reduce the risk of moisture damage. Moisture increases thermal conductivity and decreases the performance of insulating materials. It can also lead to mould growth, which holds in moisture and degrades heat transfer. Proper ventilation enhances insulation performance and avoids common issues, including:
- Ice dams on the roof can lift shingles and cause leaks and moisture damage
- Moisture buildup under shingles causes wood rot to the roof substrate and sheathing
- Excess heat in the attic due to poor ventilation causes premature wear and damage to asphalt shingles
- Mould and dampness damage insulation and degrade R-values
- Insulation failure increases energy costs and creates uneven temperatures throughout the house, impacting home comfort
- Mould growth presents health risks
- Spreading dampness, moisture issues, and mould growth damage home interiors, including walls, ceilings, baseboards, etc.
How to Prevent Insulation Failure
Builders remain up to date on building codes and how poor construction, venting, and insulation impact proper home airflow and air quality. There are several steps experts take to prevent insulation failure, including:
- Choosing the right roof ventilation systems based on the home design, including turbine vents, attic fans and in some cases ridge and/or soffit vents
- Installing proper spot vents in rooms such as bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms
- Proper ventilation installation methods to prevent air and water leaks that can impact insulation
- Choosing the right type of insulation for each area of the home based on required R-values, application methods, and material such as fibreglass
As you can see, ventilation systems are important to air quality and home comfort. By ensuring proper insulation and ventilation installation, you can improve home airflow for lasting insulation performance.
Yvon Building Supply specializes in insulation supply services for residential construction projects. Reach out to our team today to ensure you have proper insulation.
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